The Ancient Faith

What is Orthodox Christianity?

The Orthodox Church is the original Christian Church — the Church founded by Jesus Christ and His Apostles nearly 2,000 years ago on the day of Pentecost. The word "Orthodox" comes from the Greek meaning both "right belief" and "right worship" — because in Orthodoxy, what we believe and how we worship are inseparable.

"We knew not whether we were in heaven or on earth, for on earth there is no such splendor or such beauty."

— Envoys of St. Vladimir, Prince of Kiev, upon witnessing the Divine Liturgy in Constantinople (988 AD)

1
One Church, Many Nations
Orthodox church with golden domes

Today the Orthodox Church numbers more than 220 million faithful worldwide, making it the second-largest Christian communion in the world. While the Church is organized into self-governing national bodies — Greek, Russian, Antiochian, Serbian, Romanian, Bulgarian, and others — all share the same faith, the same sacraments, and the same worship.

There is no single "pope" or central authority; instead, the bishops of the Church govern together in council, as they have since the time of the Apostles. In North America, Orthodox Christians worship in parishes belonging to various jurisdictions, including the Orthodox Church in America (OCA) — to which St. Vladimir's belongs — as well as the Greek, Antiochian, Serbian, Romanian, Bulgarian, and Russian Churches. Despite this diversity of heritage, we are all one Church, united in faith and in the Eucharist.

2
Worship: The Heart of Orthodoxy
Interior of an Orthodox church

Orthodox worship is ancient, beautiful, and deeply participatory. The central act of worship is the Divine Liturgy, in which the faithful gather to hear the Word of God, offer prayers, and receive the Holy Eucharist — the Body and Blood of Christ. The Liturgy has been celebrated in essentially the same form for over 1,500 years.

When you enter an Orthodox church, you'll notice icons (sacred images) of Christ, the Virgin Mary, and the saints adorning the walls. You'll hear chanting rather than instruments, smell incense rising like prayer, and see the faithful making the sign of the cross. Every element of Orthodox worship engages the whole person — body, mind, and soul.

At St. Vladimir's, our services are celebrated primarily in English. Visitors are always welcome to attend and observe — simply come, watch, listen, and let the worship speak for itself.

3
Scripture and Holy Tradition
Open Gospel book

Orthodox Christians hold the Bible in the highest regard as the inspired Word of God. But the Scriptures did not appear in a vacuum — they were written, compiled, and preserved by the Church. For this reason, Orthodoxy reads the Bible within the living context of Holy Tradition: the continuous, unbroken life of the Holy Spirit in the Church from Pentecost to the present day.

Holy Tradition includes the Scriptures, the Nicene Creed, the decisions of the seven Ecumenical Councils, the writings of the Church Fathers, the liturgical life of the Church, and the lives of the saints. It is not a static collection of old rules, but the living, dynamic breath of the Holy Spirit guiding the Church in every age.

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Neither Protestant Nor Roman Catholic
Ancient Byzantine mosaic

Many people today think of Christianity as having two branches: Protestant and Roman Catholic. Orthodoxy is neither. It is the original root from which both Western traditions eventually diverged. The first major split occurred in 1054 AD, when theological and political differences led to a separation between Rome and the Eastern Churches. Five centuries later, the Protestant Reformation further divided Western Christianity into the many denominations that exist today.

Throughout all of this, the Orthodox Church has continued in its undiminished and unaltered faith and practice. If the early Christians — the Apostles, the martyrs, the Church Fathers — were to walk into an Orthodox church today, they would recognize the worship, the prayers, and the faith as their own.

"The Orthodox Church is evangelical, but not Protestant. It is orthodox, but not Jewish. It is catholic, but not Roman. It is not non-denominational — it is pre-denominational."

— Fr. Thomas Hopko, Dean Emeritus of St. Vladimir's Orthodox Theological Seminary

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